Soft optoelectronics and ion-based circuits for diagnostics and closed-loop neuromodulation of the auditory pathway

Introduction

Understanding and modulating neural networks requires high-resolution acquisition of neural activity over time, real-time analysis, and minimally invasive stimulation methods with high specificity. Such procedures are particularly needed for the treatment of sensory dysfunction (e.g., hearing loss) and certain neurological diseases (e.g., epilepsy).

Challenges

The lack of soft, biocompatible, hybrid, and smart neural interfaces hinders our capacity to study complex neural dynamics and efficiently apply responsive neuro-modulation therapy.

Objective

Here, the overall objective is to exploit novel ion gated transistors (IGTs) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) to establish the first fully implantable, biocompatible, and soft responsive electro-optical neurostimulation system in an animal model.

Hypothesis

I hypothesize that organic electronics can create all the required building blocks, including:

1. An IGT-based application-specific integrated circuit that will improve the efficiency of neural signal acquisition and permit local processing.
2. OLED-based optogenetics, through a conformable self-contained package.

Expected Outcomes

Such a system will increase:

• Signal-to-noise ratio (>25dB)
• Resolution (>1500 interfaces/cm²)
• Spatial specificity (conformable OLEDs for optogenetics)

This is in comparison to existing state-of-the-art neurostimulation devices such as cochlear implants.

Methodology

To achieve that, we will have to:

1. Design smart fabrication routes that allow the development of both devices into a single front-end probe.
2. Overcome stability issues.
3. Create efficient and fast IGTs for both front-end interfaces and circuits.

We will do this by tuning materials composition, engineering improved designs, and better understanding the mechanisms of interaction with the physiological environment.

Impact

This research will enable a new generation of neural interfaces and a deeper understanding of auditory neural networks, as well as the electro-optical stimulation effects upon them.