(Post)Colonial Cattle Frontiers: Capitalism, Science and Empire in Southern and Central Africa, 1890s-1970s

Introduction

This project explores the transformations in cattle production in Southern and Central Africa during the colonial and early postcolonial period. During this period, (post)colonial governments, scientists, entrepreneurs, and settlers promoted a broad range of interventions to overcome the allegedly uneconomic attitudes of African pastoralists and turn cattle into profitable commodities.

Impact on Pastoralist Societies

Contested, adapted, or eluded by African cattle herders and owners, these interventions transformed pre-existing cattle economies, pastoralist societies, rural ecologies, and animal populations in many and often unexpected ways. This history, however, is still under-studied, only partially understood, and marginalized in both African and global history.

Objectives of the Project

This project breaks new ground by offering the first history of these transformation processes from hoof to table, for multiple empires and over a long time frame, and by integrating them into global history through the concept of ‘commodity frontiers’. It pursues these objectives through a series of interlocking case studies on French, Portuguese, and Belgian (post)colonies in Southern and Central Africa.

Methodological Approaches

These case studies draw on multi-sited and multilingual archival work and combine methodological approaches from:

1. African history
2. Social history
3. Economic history
4. Environmental history
5. Colonial history
6. Global history
7. History of science

Contribution to Historical Understanding

The project not only rewrites and rethinks the history of Africa’s (post)colonial cattle economies. In so doing, it will also:

• Write livestock back into the agricultural and socio-economic history of Africa, which has thus far focused on cash crops and minerals.
• Integrate African cattle into global economic and commodity history.
• Greatly enhance our knowledge of veterinary science and knowledge.

Broader Implications

By analyzing how the interplay of global capitalism, science, and empire transformed cattle regimes in Africa and beyond, it will also enhance our understanding of current debates on the social and ecological costs of livestock production.