Animals and Society in Bronze Age Europe

Introduction

This project will create a new vision of Bronze Age ontologies by exploring the role of animals as active participants in Bronze Age social worlds. The impact of contemporary Capitalist ideology on archaeological understanding of the European Bronze Age has been profound.

Dominant Narratives

Dominant narratives describe a world in which economic intensification, the accumulation of wealth, and the emergence of chiefly hierarchies were predicated on the objectification of the ‘other’. This project will critically re-evaluate models that view animals as objects of exploitation.

Animal Studies

Drawing on work in animal studies that highlights how living with animals involves intimate interaction and interdependency, it will investigate the intertwining of human and animal identities. It will consider how the social and cultural significance of animals affected how they were farmed, managed, and consumed.

Changes in Animal Management

The appearance of field systems and houses incorporating byres for cattle indicates major changes in animal management in the Bronze Age. Yet, animal iconography and the presence of animal remains in graves and votive deposits suggest that animals had cultural significance.

Research Methodology

The project will bring together various analytical methods to investigate human-animal sociality, including:

1. Contextual analysis
2. Zooarchaeological analysis
3. Isotope analysis
4. Organic residue analysis
5. aDNA analysis

This will involve examining:

• Herd management
• Patterns of human-animal interaction
• Animal mobility and exchange
• The role of animals in feasting and ritual
• Their location in cultural taxonomies

Theoretical Reframing

By examining the ontological position of animals not as passive objects but as active subjects, this project will radically reframe the theoretical basis on which wider interpretations of the Bronze Age are based. This includes how political authority, gender relations, and economic activities were structured.

Contribution to Current Debates

By illuminating alternate modalities of power and agency, and different ways of living with non-human others, it will also contribute to current debates around issues such as sustainability in the present.