New Frontiers in Information-Theoretic Secure Computation

Introduction

Information-theoretic secure computation is a general-purpose technique for processing sensitive data without compromising its confidentiality or integrity, even in the presence of a computationally-unbounded all-powerful adversary. This notion plays an important role in cryptography, both as a stand-alone object and as a tool for computational constructs.

Background

Despite its increasing importance, we have a very limited understanding of the intrinsic complexity of information-theoretic security. Some of the most central feasibility questions in this area have remained open for more than three decades.

Objectives

In this proposal, we aim to decipher the power and limitations of this notion. We will focus on three main objectives:

1. Improving Secret Sharing Schemes: We aim to improve the complexity of general secret sharing schemes and exploit such improvements towards realizing highly-efficient general-purpose zero-knowledge proofs.

2. Exploring Secure Non-Interactive Reductions: The second objective is to explore the complexity of Secure Non-Interactive Reductions and Multiparty Randomized Encoding—a powerful generalization of information-theoretic garbled circuits that was recently presented by the PI.

3. Expanding Theoretical Understanding: The third objective is to expand our theoretical understanding of constant-round information-theoretic protocols, optimize their round complexity, and study their concrete and asymptotic computational complexity.

Significance

Being part of several recent exciting developments in these areas, we believe that it is now possible to make progress in some of these basic open problems. The suggested research will bridge across different regions of computer science, such as coding theory, cryptography, and computational complexity.

It is expected to impact central problems in cryptography while enriching the general landscape of theoretical computer science.