The Milky Way system as a laboratory to understand the role of galactic winds in galaxy evolution

Introduction

Massive stars and black holes in galaxies work together to launch multiphase, gaseous winds at velocities of hundreds of kilometres per second. These galactic winds play a fundamental role in the evolution of galaxies, as they regulate the formation of new stars by transferring gas from the disk to the surroundings.

Challenges in Observations

Despite the recognised importance of these phenomena, the physical processes behind them and their actual impact on the life of different types of galaxies are still unclear. This uncertainty arises mainly because observations in external galaxies lack the spatial resolution to study these winds in detail and to constrain theoretical models.

Project Overview

This ERC project will rectify this situation by using the Milky Way and its main satellites, the Magellanic Clouds, as the closest wind laboratories in the Universe. A unique and powerful combination of observational and theoretical techniques will be used for this project.

Methodology

• New, high-resolution, multi-wavelength data from forefront telescopes will be exploited to explore the nature of multiphase material traveling within winds in different galactic environments with unprecedented accuracy.
• The project aims to reach sub-pc resolution in the Milky Way and pc resolution in the Magellanic Clouds.
• Observational measurements will be accompanied by advanced theoretical modelling and state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations, ensuring the most accurate interpretation of the data.

Expected Outcomes

This project will reveal:

1. The detailed physical conditions of multi-phase gas in outflows.
2. The origin and physical mechanisms that drive these winds.
3. The connection with the galactic environment.
4. The broader impact on the evolution of different host galaxies.

These are all critical aspects to understand the role of galactic winds in shaping the galaxies that we see today. The outcome of this ground-breaking project has therefore the potential to add a key piece to the puzzle of galaxy evolution.