DigID - Doing Digital Identities

Introduction

We are witnessing the most significant change in stateless identification practices since the consolidation of the international passport regime in the 19th century. Digital ID devices like electronic ID cards providing access to government services via PINs, biometric databases, and blockchain-secured digital identity wallets are increasingly complementing, or even replacing, paper-based means of identification.

Research Focus

Yet so far, the implications of digital ID devices have mostly been studied in relation to criminal suspects and migrant 'others', not the normalized majority of citizens. This project uses this unique moment of change to assess how material citizenship - i.e. the technologies and infrastructures used to enact citizenship as a political subjectivity and a formal relation to the state - is reshaped in the digital age.

Principal Research Question

Its principal research question is:

• How does the digitization of identification practices reconfigure relations between citizens and state authorities?

Investigation Sites

The project investigates transformations of citizen-state relations through digital ID devices at three sites:

1. Birth registration
2. Citizen-government transactions
3. Border controls

Theoretical Framework

Theoretically, the project draws on science and technology and data studies to propose a conception of material citizenship as performative and sociotechnical. It aims to advance a research agenda that focuses on the practical, epistemic, political, and ethical implications of digital identification.

Methodology

Methodologically, the project combines:

• Multi-sited ethnographies
• Textual analysis
• Mapping

These methods are employed to study the design, implementation, and use of digital ID devices in one international and four national case studies.

Conclusion

In this way, DigID sheds light on the much-neglected material dimension of citizenship and shows how digital ID devices reshape the lived experience of citizenship - understood as a legal status, a form of membership in a political community, and a set of bottom-up practices enacting the 'right to have rights'.