Memory access in language: how we store and retrieve linguistic information

Introduction

To be able to talk and to understand each other, we have to continuously store and retrieve linguistic information. In linguistics, the dominant approach to studying the processes of storing and recall of linguistic information from short-term memory assumes that we can access all items in parallel and that the most highly activated items are the most likely to be retrieved. Activation, in turn, can be boosted by the requirements of the current cognitive context.

Limitations of Current Models

This model is related to theories of memory developed independently of linguistics. In linguistics, it has been supported by rich research on production and comprehension. The model, however, has been applied very narrowly. It focuses only on the recall of some syntactic items, for instance, the recall of arguments during the processing of a verb. Other functions of memory fall outside the approach.

Project Objectives

The project’s core idea is that the memory model can be applied to many other cases in which memory has a decisive role. We will do this by linking the model to theories of other language phenomena developed in linguistics, cognitive sciences, and artificial intelligence.

1. Link to Computational Models of Lexical Knowledge
   This will enable us to fully and formally represent what the current cognitive context is and to build an indiscriminate and general approach to memory access.

2. Link to Computational Models of Grammatical Knowledge
   This will help us understand how we store and recall grammatical rules.

3. Link to Discourse Theories
   This will provide an analysis of the storage and recall of textual information.

Expected Outcomes

The project will lead to a new view on the memory model, one that is general and cross-domain. It will provide a more principled account of how memory affects language, give us new insight into why the theories of lexical knowledge, grammatical knowledge, and discourse theories work, and make it possible to tie together accounts that are often treated as independent.