Late Ottoman Palestinians: Social and Cultural Dynamics in an Eastern Mediterranean Society during the Age of Empire, 1880-1920

Introduction

In the Eastern Mediterranean, the four decades between 1880 and 1920 were a time of imperialism, globalisation, and Ottoman state building, but also of profound social differentiation, fuelled by an unprecedented degree of human mobility and migration. Therefore, in this period, we find the roots of many social formations that have remained relevant until the present.

Research Focus

My focus is on the individual and collective practices for coping with various challenges and on census-taking as a social process. It will open up new perspectives on social and cultural dynamics in late Ottoman Palestine, in a historical context defined by European imperialism, Ottoman state building, and globalisation.

Main Research Question

The main research question is:

• Which social strategies did late Ottoman Palestinians employ, across ethnic, religious, and class divides, to confront challenges on the individual and collective levels?

These include fostering social advancement of one's household or coping with economic stress. My hypothesis is that an accumulation of individual actions led to the constant emergence and re-emergence of social formations.

Methodology

Using the census process and its data, I will establish yardsticks that will make it possible to compare social practices across the region and beyond. This will contribute to ongoing efforts to write a global social and cultural history and will develop a theoretical framework and methodological standards that will be useful for similar research projects.

Project Goals

Specifically, the project aims to:

1. Set new standards for how to realise the vision of a Historical Geographic Information System (HGIS) for the entire Ottoman Empire.
2. Enable comparison with other sources, offering intriguing new perspectives for the study of colonialism, notably under the British Mandate.