Creating Knowledge

Introduction

In this project, I want to unravel how we build up and update our knowledge networks depending on the amount of previous experience we have by testing my new theory on experience-dependent learning.

Current Theory

Current theory postulates memories to be stored initially as sets of neural representations spanning the hippocampus and weakly interacting neocortical modules. The spontaneous reactivation of new memories during a consolidation phase would lead to the strengthening of the neocortical memory trace. Consequently, pre-existing knowledge is proposed to be coded in the brain as a cortical network of neurons that allows for more efficient consolidation of new information.

New Theory

I recently developed a new theory, proposing that the existence of previous knowledge and therefore the extent of the cortical memory network is a gradient of experience instead of being either present or not. The size and complexity of the knowledge network would influence where in the brain memories are encoded and how fast they are consolidated.

Methodology

I propose combining my innovative behavioural paradigm – the HexMaze – that enables investigatory access to various levels of experience, with different techniques in three species to test this theory:

1. Mice: Using immediate early gene expression techniques to visualize and manipulate the brain-wide memory network with the resolution of individual neurons.
2. Rats: Employing electrophysiology to measure and manipulate memory reactivations during sleep as the mechanisms to enable consolidation.
3. Humans: Implementing targeted memory reactivation and magnetic resonance imaging to follow the evolution of learning over one year.

Significance

The combination of species with their respective methods enables us to observe effects as well as test for causality. The unique combination of meaningful behaviour with appropriate, precise techniques would provide groundbreaking insight into how we create and update our knowledge networks and change the way we view and test memory.