Changing landscapes: hormonal fluctuations and neurocognitive functioning across the female lifespan

Introduction

Puberty, menstrual cycle, and menopause are all critical periods in a female’s life characterized by drastic changes in sex hormone concentrations. These periods are also associated with changes in cognitive, affective, and social processing, as well as an increased risk of depression and anxiety, stressing the need to advance our understanding of the effects of hormonal fluctuations on females’ well-being across the lifespan.

Performance Monitoring

A central process directly associated with cognitive, affective, and social functioning is performance monitoring. Adequate processing of errors, reward, and feedback is essential for efficiently adapting to a changing environment in everyday life.

Gender and Age Effects

Gender and age effects exist for these processes, and disturbances have been linked to anxiety and depression, making performance monitoring an important topic in the investigation of neurocognitive functioning across the lifespan. However, research so far has largely ignored the effects of fluctuating hormonal levels.

Research Methodology

To answer the outstanding question of how changing hormonal concentrations affect neurocognitive functioning in women, I will employ a unique multi-disciplinary methodology combining longitudinal, psychopharmacological, and neuroimaging techniques.

Approaches

I will address the current gaps in our knowledge using a novel combination of three approaches:

1. A lifespan approach that includes female participants from late childhood to late adulthood.
2. A social approach that moves beyond the non-social focus of performance-monitoring research.
3. A psychopharmacological approach that focuses on the interactions between the relevant exogenous and endogenous neurotransmitters and hormones for the first time.

Conclusion

The project represents a turning point in our understanding of the effects of naturally occurring hormonal variations on processes that are central for healthy cognitive, affective, and social functioning, and will thus change the landscape of neurocognitive research relating to females of all ages.