Deciphering cellular and molecular mechanisms of β-cell regeneration

Introduction

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) therapy was shown to regenerate β-cells in mice, but this did not translate to humans. Early or intensive insulin therapy maintains residual β-cell function, but also causes weight gain and hypoglycemia. Thus, currently, no drug treatment can safely stop the progression of diabetes, a disease characterized by loss or dysfunction of insulin-producing β-cells.

Breakthrough Discoveries

In breakthrough discoveries, we identified the insulin inhibitory receptor (inceptor) as a druggable target for β-cell insulin sensitization and protection without the side effects of insulin. Moreover, we combined GLP-1-mediated safe β-cell delivery of estrogen together with 60% reduced insulin therapy to restore β-cell function for diabetes remission.

The overarching goal of BetaRegeneration is to explore new avenues of targeted and combinatorial β-cell protection and regeneration therapy.

Aim 1

In Aim 1, we will reveal whether inceptor, besides desensitizing the insulin receptor, has also a function as an insulin receptor in starvation/stress-induced insulin degradation and as a scavenger receptor for insulin lysosomal degradation. This will reveal if inceptor can be targeted to enhance β-cell insulin sensitization, secretion, and function.

Aim 2

In Aim 2, we will translate our basic findings to in vivo animal and human model systems to explore GLP-1-mediated β-cell delivery and targeting of WNT and β-cell insulin/IGF1 signaling to enhance specificity and target several pathways at once.

Furthermore, we will genetically and pharmacologically target inceptor and test if monoclonal antibodies alone or as drug conjugates can promote β-cell protection and regeneration. Our approach will reveal if combinatorial targeting of survival and regenerative pathways can stop β-cell loss and dysfunction.

Conclusion

Taken together, the identification of clinically relevant targets and ways of combinatorial β-cell protection and regeneration therapy could open new avenues to stop and revert diabetes progression.