Novel perspectives on our Solar System History recorded in the Atacama DEsert

Introduction

Throughout Earth’s history, our planet was subject to cosmic tempers that occasionally impacted global climate and biological evolution but almost always left their traces behind. Individual large impactors leave craters as footprints.

Cosmic Events and Their Effects

Cosmic events in our Solar System, such as asteroid collisions or cometary sublimation, eject vast amounts of interplanetary dust particles, which also encounter Earth, but more quietly. They become part of sedimentary records in the form of micrometeorites or are dispersed as atoms if evaporated during atmospheric entry.

Supernovae and Their Influence

Furthermore, within our solar neighbourhood (50-150 pc), tens of star explosions, i.e., supernovae, occurred within the last >10 Myr. Their expanding shock fronts containing interstellar dust swept across our Solar System, and a small but measurable fraction made its way to Earth.

Project Goals

The overarching goal of NoSHADE is to collect traces of cosmic dust from Atacama Desert sedimentary records reaching back >10 Myr and link them to specific cosmic events.

Main Cosmic Traces to be Investigated

The main cosmic traces to be investigated are:

1. Micrometeorites
2. Radionuclides derived from interplanetary and interstellar dust (10Be, 26Al, 53Mn, 60Fe)

These will be measured using the most advanced accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facilities available worldwide.

Research Questions

Such an unprecedented >10 Myr-spanning record of multiple cosmic tracers will allow NoSHADE to shed light on two central and pressing questions:

1. What was the quantity, timing, location, and type of supernovae that occurred in our solar neighbourhood?
2. Which were the major dust-producing events and processes that took place in our Solar System?

Significance of the Research

The answers to these questions are not only fascinating by themselves and tell us what kind of dust and debris Earth encountered in space over the past Myr, but they will also clarify if cosmic tempers during the last >10 Myr had an impact on Earth’s history and potentially altered the climate or the path of biological evolution.